Utility of artificial intelligence for detection of pneumothorax on chest radiopgraphs done after transthoracic percutaneous transthoracic biopsy guided by computed tomography.

OBJETIVE: To assess the ability of an artificial intelligence software to detect pneumothorax in chest radiographs done after percutaneous transthoracic biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included retrospectively in our study adult patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsies from lung, pleural or mediastinal lesions from June 2019 to June 2020, and who had a follow-up chest radiograph after the procedure. These chest radiographs were read to search the presence of pneumothorax independently by an expert thoracic radiologist and a radiodiagnosis resident, whose unified lecture was defined as the gold standard, and the result of each radiograph after interpretation by the artificial intelligence software was documented for posterior comparison with the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of 284 chest radiographs were included in the study and the incidence of pneumothorax was 14.4%. There were no discrepancies between the two readers' interpretation of any of the postbiopsy chest radiographs. The artificial intelligence software was able to detect 41/41 of the present pneumothorax, implying a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%, with a specificity of 79.4% and a positive predictive value of 45%. The accuracy was 82.4%, indicating that there is a high probability that an individual will be adequately classified by the software. It has also been documented that the presence of Port-a-cath is the cause of 8 of the 50 of false positives by the software. CONCLUSIONS: The software has detected 100% of cases of pneumothorax in the postbiopsy chest radiographs. A potential use of this software could be as a prioritisation tool, allowing radiologists not to read immediately (or even not to read) chest radiographs classified as non-pathological by the software, with the confidence that there are no pathological cases.

Patología vascular torácica en pacientes oncológicos / Thoracic vascular disease in oncologic patients

La patología oncológica requiere frecuentes controles mediante pruebas de imagen, de forma predominante con tomografía computarizada (TC). En estos pacientes podemos encontrar patología vascular torácica que puede influir en el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de su enfermedad neoplásica. Los tumores primarios vasculares pueden afectar a los vasos torácicos, como las arterias pulmonares (sarcoma de arteria pulmonar), y la enfermedad neoplásica se puede extender localmente (neoplasia pulmonar) o a distancia hacia los vasos torácicos (embolia pulmonar tumoral y microangiopatía trombótica tumoral pulmonar). El tratamiento oncológico es la causa de múltiples complicaciones sobre los vasos torácicos que en determinados casos llegan a comprometer la vida del paciente. La TC, especialmente con técnica multicorte, permite la evaluación de la enfermedad neoplásica y la patología vascular torácica asociada en el paciente oncológico (AU)

Patients with oncologic disease require frequent imaging tests (predominantly computed tomography) for follow-up. These patients may have thoracic vascular disease that can influence the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of their cancer. Primary vascular tumors can involve the thoracic vessels, like the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary artery sarcoma), and the neoplastic disease can extend locally (lung tumor) or remotely to the thoracic vessels (pulmonary tumor embolism and pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy). Oncologic treatment results in multiple complications that involve the thoracic vessels and can even compromise the patient's life in certain cases. CT, and especially multislice CT, makes it possible to evaluate neoplastic disease and associated thoracic vascular disease in oncologic patients (AU)

[Thoracic vascular disease in oncologic patients]. / Patología vascular torácica en pacientes oncológicos.

Patients with oncologic disease require frequent imaging tests (predominantly computed tomography) for follow-up. These patients may have thoracic vascular disease that can influence the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of their cancer. Primary vascular tumors can involve the thoracic vessels, like the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary artery sarcoma), and the neoplastic disease can extend locally (lung tumor) or remotely to the thoracic vessels (pulmonary tumor embolism and pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy). Oncologic treatment results in multiple complications that involve the thoracic vessels and can even compromise the patient's life in certain cases. CT, and especially multislice CT, makes it possible to evaluate neoplastic disease and associated thoracic vascular disease in oncologic patients.